Data Element
Prescription Medication Misuse
Description

A person's stated observation of how often in the past year they used medications, from identified opiate pain relievers, sedatives, stimulants or sleeping medications, just for the feeling, to get high, or more often or in larger doses than prescribed, using a 5 point Likert scale. TAPS Tool: In the PAST 12 MONTHS, how often have you used any prescription medications just for the feeling, more than prescribed or that were not prescribed for you? Prescription medications that may be used this way include: Opiate pain relievers (for example, OxyContin, Vicodin, Percocet, Methadone) Medications for anxiety or sleeping (for example, Xanax, Ativan, Klonopin) Medications for ADHD (for example, Adderall or Ritalin). Value: 1. Daily or almost daily (displayed as "0"): a subjective response that something happens daily or almost daily 2. Weekly (displayed as "1"): Every week 3. Monthly (displayed as "2"): Every month 4. Less than Monthly (displayed as "3"): An event that occurs less frequently than once a month 5. Never (displayed as "4"): Not ever, at no time in the past (or future).
Submitted By: Jessica Cotto / National Institute on Drug Abuse
Data Element Information
Use Case Description(s)
Use Case Description According to the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 20.2% of people ages 12 or older reported past month cigarette use. In addition, 8.1% reported past month cigar use, 4.2% used smokless tobacco and 13% used illicit drugs. In total, nearly 36 million people ages 12 or older reported past month use of illicit drugs in 2019 and 58 million reported use of tobacco in the past month.
Estimate the breadth of applicability of the use case(s) for this data element U.S. primary health care providers: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for unhealthy drug use in adults aged 18 years and older, with a Grade B recommendation:
https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/drug-use-illicit-screening.
Link to use case project page https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2019-nsduh-annual-national-report The National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
Healthcare Aims
  • Improving the health of populations
Maturity of Use and Technical Specifications for Data Element
Applicable Standard(s) Elements were recently submitted for inclusion in LOINC.


https://loinc.org/
Additional Specifications NIDA Screening Tools API Gateway, TAPS API found at: https://api.drugabuse.gov/prod/taps/
Current Use This data element has been used at scale between multiple different production environments to support the majority of anticipated stakeholders
Supporting Artifacts This data element has been used at scale and reviewed for maximum stakeholder impact. Our internal analysis of web traffic to the TAPS website (https://www.drugabuse.gov/taps/ ) in Q3 this year exceeded 6,000 unique page views.

McNeely, J., Wu, L.T., Subramaniam, G., Sharma, G., Cathers, L.A., et al. (2016). Performance of the Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription Medication, and Other Substance Use (TAPS) Tool for Substance Use Screening in Primary Care Patients. Annals of Internal Medicine, 2016 Nov 15;165(10):690-699.
Angéline Adam, Robert P Schwartz, Li-Tzy Wu, Geetha Subramaniam, Eugene Laska, Gaurav Sharma, Saima Mili, Jennifer McNeely. Electronic self-administered screening for substance use in adult primary care patients: feasibility and acceptability of the tobacco, alcohol, prescription medication, and other substance use (myTAPS) screening tool. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2019 Oct 15;14(1):39.

https://cde.drugabuse.gov/instrument/29b23e2e-e266-f095-e050-bb89ad43472f
Extent of exchange 5 or more. This data element has been tested at scale between multiple different production environments to support the majority of anticipated stakeholders.
Supporting Artifacts There are 10 registered users for the TAPS Tool API, and we have received about 5 additional inquiries expressing interest in EHR/EMR system integration. None of the registered users are currently active.
Potential Challenges
Restrictions on Standardization (e.g. proprietary code) None known.
Restrictions on Use (e.g. licensing, user fees) None known.
Privacy and Security Concerns None known.
Estimate of Overall Burden Minimal -- for more information, see “Frequently Asked Questions About Screening” at https://www.drugabuse.gov//taps/#/.

The tool is designed to be brief and should take fewer than 5 minutes to administer, but may be completed quicker if the patient does not endorse recent substance use. Clinicians may wish to identify local providers and or specialty care SUD programs to which to refer patients with higher risk levels well before beginning systematic screening. This will greatly assist with finding a suitable referral when the need arises
Other Implementation Challenges There is no additional information on challenges.

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